Muscle Bleeds
Muscle bleeds are one of the more common types for bleeds for a person with hemophilia. A muscle bleed can occur in a single muscle or a muscle group and can occur spontaneously, after an impact trauma or sprain. Intramuscular injections can also cause a bleed. The recommendation is to have shots administered just under the skin (subcutaneously) wherever possible.
The consequences of a muscle bleed can be serious if not treated appropriately. Swelling in the neck area should be addressed immediately due to the risk of airway compromise. Soft tissue or superficial bruises typically do not require treatment, provided they do not increase in size or threaten function or mobility.
Large muscles like the thighs, abdomen, hips, and back can hold a lot of blood before they begin to swell, leading to extensive blood loss. The swelling from the bleed within the muscle can place pressure on the nerves and blood vessels (compartment syndrome) which can result in permanent disabilities.
Iliopsoas, another common muscle bleed site, refers to a group of 3 muscles in the hip. Pain in the abdomen, groin and back is typical with this type of bleed. The pressure to the femoral nerve affects the flexion of the affected hip. An iliopsoas bleed should be treated as an emergency. Your hematologist should be consulted immediately.
Signs and symptoms
- Warmth
- Swelling
- Redness
- Skin tightness over the bleed site
- Changes in the ability to flex or extend
- Severe shooting pain (indicates pressure on the nerve)
- Numbness or tingling (indicates pressure on the nerve)
Common muscles or muscle groups
- Upper arm, forearm
- Thigh
- Calf
- Buttocks
- Groin